The lecture, originally given in hebrew, was translated in english. I was looking up some information about crystal night and happened to come accross this web page first. A jewish refugees assassination of a german official in paris in 1938 sparked the german attack on jews known as kristallnacht published. Berlin marches on 79th anniversary of kristallnacht. On the night of november 910, 1938, nazis attacked jewish persons and property throughout germany and austria. Kristallnacht crystal night on 6th july 1938, a conference of 32 nations met at evian in france to discuss the growing international problem of jewish migration. The alien visitors were known as ebens and have arrived to welcome 12 astronauts aboard their spacecraft for a period of one year to their planet serpo the voyage to serpo required traveling at the speed of light and maneuvering through wormholes by using. Crystal night 1938 the great antigerman spectacle of 910 november 1938. Kristallnacht is a german word that consists of two parts. Crystal night in the heart of a jewish child collections. The nazi response was the organised pogrom of the night of 910 november, kristallnacht crystal night, or the night of broken glass some now prefer the less euphemistic term reichspogromnacht pogrom night. In addition to adults, jewish children lost their feeling of security and in many ways, lost their childhoods. Oct 30, 2001 did gay affair provide a catalyst for kristallnacht.
On 7 november 1938 the third secretary at the german legation in paris was assassinated by the 17yearold son of a deportee. Kristallnacht and living in nazi germany documentary history. By now it is clear to hitler and his top advisors that forced immigration of jews out of the reich is not a feasible option. The crystal night by lore metzger 1 when adolf hitler became chancellor of germany in january 1933, i had. A short film summarizing the events on november 9, 1938 where, throughout germany a large number of jewish synagogues, business establishments and homes were damaged or destroyed. Crystal night is the name thats been given to the night of 910 november 1938. Kristallnacht turns out to be a crucial turning point in german policy regarding the jews and may be considered as the actual beginning of what is now called the holocaust. Kristallnacht also called reichskristallnacht, reichspogromnacht, english. World responses to kristallnacht facing history and ourselves. The first album a dark enchanted crystal night came out in 2006 and was well received by fans and media. Probably the first reference to crystals in ancient rome was reported by pliny the elder i century ad in his natural history, where he describes the windows and greenhouses of the richer inhabitants of the roman empire being covered by crystals of lapis specularis, the latin name for large transparent crystals of gypsum.
Did gay affair provide a catalyst for kristallnacht. About 30,000 jews were moved to concentration camps, and over 1,500 synagogues were pillaged and partly destroyed. Nov 06, 2019 the nazis used the murder of a lowlevel german diplomat in paris by a 17yearold polish jew as an excuse to carry out the kristallnacht attacks. Kristallnacht or the night of broken glass, also called the november pogroms, was a pogrom against jews carried out by sa paramilitary forces and civilians. On the nights of november 9 and 10, rampaging mobs throughout germany and the newly acquired territories of austria and sudetenland freely attacked jews in the street, in their homes and at their places of work and worship. Around 400 people of various leftwing organisations marched through the berlin neighbourhood of moabit, in memory of the victims of antisemitism. What was the reaction of german citizens to the events of. The night of november 9, 1938, on which the nazis coordinated an attack on jewish people and their property in germany, austria, and the sudetenland.
What happened that night and why is it seen as a turning point in the history of nazi germany. Kristall translates to crystal and refers to the look of broken glass and nacht means night. Kristallnacht is considered by many historians to mark the start of hitlers war against the jews. Starting in the late hours of november 9 and continuing into the next day, nazi mobs torched or otherwise vandalized hundreds of synagogues throughout. No matter what youre looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Kristallnacht, the night of november 910, 1938, when german nazis attacked jewish persons and property. The conference made an attempt to impose general agreed guidelines on accepting jews from nazi germany. Kristallnacht was the inspiration for the 1993 album kristallnacht by the composer john zorn. At the end of the second world war weckert was a teenager in devastated berlin. Jewish shops were broken, jewish houses and synagogues set on fire. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after the violence. Crystal night synonyms, crystal night pronunciation, crystal night translation, english dictionary definition of crystal night. Just before midnight on november 9, 1938, the gestapo chief, heinrich muller, sent a telegram to every police unit in nazi germany.
Kristallnacht, or night of broken glass, was an event that was one of thousands of horrors inflicted on jews throughout germany and austria in a single night and day, november 910, 1938. Various germans could get behind the policy of redressing versailles and making germany a great power again but to them things like the sa were highlights of. You might imagine that life for a jewish teenager in poland during world war ii, under soviet communist and nazi german rule, would be. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. The history and legacy of nazi germanys most notorious pogrom charles river editors on. Mar 21, 2012 a short film summarizing the events on november 9, 1938 where, throughout germany a large number of jewish synagogues, business establishments and homes were damaged or destroyed. Ingrid weckert is the author of a detailed examination of crystal night and german jewish relations during the 1930s that was published as a book in germany in 1981 under the title feuerzeichen, and in the usa in 1991 under the titleflashpoint. The accepted english translation is the night of broken glass. The nazis used the murder of a lowlevel german diplomat in paris by a 17yearold polish jew as an excuse to carry out the kristallnacht attacks. Kristallnacht students britannica kids homework help. The name kristallnacht crystal night comes from the shards of broken glass that littered. A british newspaper report and an eyewitness account are contrasted with internal police memos and joseph goebbels diary to show the build. See, hitler and the race ideologues had hashed out a plan whereby the deutsche volkskorper german peoples body, i. Wald, west germany which of course is just germany now.
On the nights of november 9 and 10, rampaging mobs throughout germany and the. The german power metal band masterplans debut album, masterplan 2003, features an antinazi song entitled crystal night as the fourth track. Remembering the november 1938 pogrom kristallnacht. It occurred on the night of november 910, 1938, and its name, german for crystal night, stems from the enormous amount of broken glass that covered the streets the following morning. The history and legacy of nazi germany s most notorious pogrom.
But studying this history and others with these terms in mind, despite those limitations, allows us to think about the agency of individuals, groups, and nationstheir ability to recognize the options available to them and make choices that impact their own lives, the lives of others, and the course of history. Planet serpo the real story of a secret interplanetary. The name refers to the wave of violent antijewish pogroms which took place on november 9 and 10, 1938, throughout germany, annexed austria, and in areas of the sudetenland in czechoslovakia recently occupied by german troops. Crystallion is a german heavypower metal band founded in 2003 by bassist stefan gimpl and drummer martin herzinger. Newspapers around the world reported the events of kristallnacht. Kristallnacht was the first massive, governmentendorsed, violent action against jews in nazi germanys third reich. Crystal night it is a rather lengthy article but i couldnt even finish it without stopping and asking for some of the other members to please give me some opinion and perspective on the way the author is presenting this issue. Kristallnacht simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Crystal factories in germany rick steves travel forum. See more ideas about crystals, glass and cut glass. The history of the peace pact that failed to prevent world war ii 5. The crystal night was written in the spring of 1969 by lore metzger while living in bradford, pa. Kristallnacht, or the night of broken glass, was a night of bloody attacks against jews throughout hitlers germany and austria and the sudetenland, on november 9 and 10, 1938. The history and legacy of adolf hitlers notorious purge of the sa 4.
Why is kristallnacht seen as a turning point in the history. Kristallnacht, literally, night of crystal, is often referred to as the night of broken glass. After kristallnacht, the nazi regime made jewish survival in germany impossible. In this lesson, students will continue this units historical case study by learning about a major escalation of the nazi campaign against jews, the violent pogroms of. In a series of coordinated riots, over 7000 shops owned by jews were destroyed and 200 synagogues were attacked.
The intent of this meeting was to make the jews responsible for kristallnacht and to use the events of the preceding days as a rationale for promulgating a series of antisemitic laws which would, in effect, remove jews from the german economy. November 9, 1989, could not be a day of celebration in reunited germany, because the date also conjured one of the most evil events in german history. Ingrid weckert is the author of a detailed examination of crystal night and german jewish relations during the 1930s that was published as a book in germany in 1981 under the title feuerzeichen, and in the usa in 1991 under the title flashpoint. Nov 09, 20 what happened that night and why is it seen as a turning point in the history of nazi germany. Mar 04, 2012 germany gcse history kristallnacht this is one of many lessons that i have uploaded on the history of germany for gcse pupils.
Tolischus of the new york times was typical of many a wave of destruction, looting and incendiaries fires unparalleled in germany since the thirty years war and in europe generally since the bolshevist revolution, swept over greater germany today as national socialist cohorts took vengeance on. During a visit to berlin and prague in february 1939, georg landauer, director of the central bureau for the settlement of german jews in palestine in. The name kristallnacht refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. Germany gcse history kristallnacht this is one of many lessons that i have uploaded on the history of germany for gcse pupils. Kristallnacht was the first massive, governmentendorsed, violent action against jews in nazi germany s third reich. In the lecture, entitled crystal night in the heart of a jewish child, dr. Kneller describes his memories of hitler coming to power, of prewar antisemitism, and of his experiences in berlin during kristallnacht. Project crystal knight was a plan created by kennedy which consisted of an exchange program of humans for beings from serpo. Instigated primarily by nazi party officials and the sa nazi storm troopers, the pogrom occurred throughout germany including annexed austria and the sudetenland region of czechoslovakia. A massive, coordinated attack on jews throughout the german reich on the night of november 9, 1938, into the next day, has come to be known as kristallnacht or the night of broken glass. The most infamous antisemitic pogrom in recent history occurred on november 9, 1938. The lost holocaust diary of a polish jewish teen is bittersweet.
This pogrom has come to be called kristallnacht, the night of broken glass. Holocaust survivors share memories of kristallnacht the atlantic. Germany gcse history kristallnacht teaching resources. Any help on how to get there by train would be greatly appreciated. The program featuring kristallnacht survivor reni hanau opened with a candlelighting ceremony in remembrance of all those killed during the holocaust also speaking were history professor lori weintrob and students anna huddle and julia teichman. The german authorities looked on without intervening. Some came with their children and their childrens children and their children. Kristallnacht is the first episode of outright violence against the jewish people however the world was silent about it. Look at the past 5 years of nazi rule and we have seen jewish rights stripped from them until they have very little left. German workers party, a small extremist nationalist political party led by adolf hitler, blames the jews for all of germanys and the. Ingrid weckert crystal night is the name thats been given to the night of 910 november 1938.
A historian of the ottoman empire and modern turkey, he is a publisher of popular history, a podcaster, and online course creator. All of the lessons can be taught together, but each covers a topic so can also be picked up separately. Nov 09, 2018 november 9, 1989, could not be a day of celebration in reunited germany, because the date also conjured one of the most evil events in german history. Crystal night, also called night of broken glass or november pogroms, the night of november 910, 1938, when german nazis attacked jewish persons and property. Crystal night definition of crystal night by the free. The nazis destroyed jewish businesses, synagogues, and personal property and killed nearly one hundred people. Also any suggestions on othere crystal factories by train in germany would be great. This massive campaign of antijewish violence is known as kristallnacht, meaning crystal night in german.
Nov 09, 2017 around 400 people of various leftwing organisations marched through the berlin neighbourhood of moabit, in memory of the victims of antisemitism on the 79th anniversary of the 1938 kristallnacht. In almost all large german cities and some smaller ones that night, store windows of jewish shops were broken, jewish houses and apartments were destroyed, and synagogues were demolished and set on fire. What new insights can a further book provide on the november pogroms that took place throughout the german reich some seventy years ago. Noun reichspogromnacht historical another name for kristallnacht, known in english as crystal night. The name refers ironically to the litter of broken glass left in the streets after these pogroms. On the evening of the 9th november 1938, jewish people living in germany found themselves under attack. Hermann goring called a meeting of the top nazi leadership to assess the damage done during the night and place responsibility for it. In one single night 92 jews were murdered and 25,00030,000 were arrested and deported to concentration camps. It was donated to the united states holocaust memorial museum archives via the united states holocaust memorial museum oral history department in apr.
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